The real course of events became known - albeit to a very limited circle of people - already in 1948, during the trial of one of the participants in that legendary battle, Ivan Dobrobabin. Panfilov was tried for cooperation with the German invaders. The materials of the process became available to the general public in 1990 thanks to the Russian historian Boris Sokolov. As it turned out, almost everything in the legend about the Panfilovites is not true. The fighters participating in the battle were not 28, but about 140. The number of tanks they knocked out is greatly exaggerated. A few hours later, Dubosekovo was captured by the Germans, so there is no need to talk about the fact that the Panfilovites stopped the enemy. There were survivors in the battle, but the very fact of their existence contradicted the legend. And the country for which they bled on the battlefield treated them no better than deserters. The distortion of facts is simply monstrous. And all the responsibility for it lies not with the abstract "propaganda machine", but with specific people:" Krasnaya Zvezda correspondent Vladimir Koroteev and editor-in-chief of this newspaper David Ortenberg.

On November 23-24, 1941, Vladimir Koroteev, together with another journalist, a reporter for Komsomolskaya Pravda, talked with Rokossovsky at the headquarters of the 16th Army. The subject of the conversation was the heroism of the soldiers who give all their strength to the defense of the Fatherland. The journalists were offered to write a report "from the trench", but they were still not allowed to go to the front line. I had to be content with second-hand materials. At the headquarters they met the commissar of the Panfilov division Yegorov. Talking about the heroism of the soldiers, Yegorov gave an example of the battle of one of the companies with German tanks and offered to write about this battle. The commissar did not know the exact number of soldiers in the company. He reported only two cases of betrayal. In the evening, the editorial office worked on the material, settled on the fact that about 30 fighters should have remained in the company. The number 28 was obtained by simple subtraction: after all, two were traitors, not heroes. In addition, the next issue came out on November 28, so it turned out to be a beautiful headline. Neither the editor nor the author of the article could have imagined what consequences the publication of the note would have ... The theme of the Panfilovites quickly became popular. A number of essays about Panfilov's heroes appeared (however, Koroteev himself did not return to the topic anymore, it was transferred to another journalist, Krivitsky). Stalin liked the legend very much, and all 28 Panfilovites were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

What actually happened at the Dubosekovo junction? And what was the feat of the Panfilovites? The opinion of historians is as follows: indeed, the fighters of the Panfilov division showed heroism, delaying the advance of the tanks for four hours and allowing the command to bring up troops for a decisive battle. However, the whole battalion deserved glory, and not just the famous 4th company of the 1075th regiment of the 316th rifle division. And the main feat of the fighters is that, having overcome their fear of tanks, with minimal technical support (according to some reports, there were only two anti-tank guns for the entire company!) Managed to stop the tank column.

According to the materials of the investigation, on November 16, 1941, the company was preparing not for defense, but for a counteroffensive. But they did not have time: the Germans went on the attack earlier. Despite the fact that the surviving participants in the battle had to provide accurate information, historians still cannot agree on the composition of the German troops involved in the attacks. Some believe that only tanks were involved in the battle without infantry support. Others insist that infantrymen supported the armored vehicles. Yes, and the number of tanks varies from 20 to 70. Even more strange is that the name of the Panfilov commander is still the subject of controversy. According to one version, I.E. Dobrobabin, the assistant platoon commander, took over the command, and only after he was wounded did the political instructor of the 4th company, V.G. Klochkov, sent by the company commander Gundilovich, manage to get to the Panfilovites. During the first attack, five or six tanks moved into the area defended by the Panfilovs (the 20 tanks included in the legend are the total number of vehicles that attacked the entire regiment). The second platoon, commanded by Dobrobabin, managed to knock out one of them. But in general, thanks to the courage of the soldiers, five or six tanks were knocked out in the company sector. The Germans retreated. Several lines of tanks had already gone into the next attack, 15-20 in each. The second battle lasted about 40 minutes and ended in a complete rout. 15 German tanks remained on the battlefield (later three more were attributed to them and it was agreed that all the tanks were hit by the fighters of the fourth company). And from the company, in which before the battle there were 120-140 fighters, only a few people remained in the ranks. Some died, others surrendered.

After the battle, a German funeral team marched across the battlefield. I. D. Shadrin (unconscious) and D. F. Timofeev (heavily wounded) were discovered and captured. There is evidence that Shadrin lay on the battlefield for six days, until the Germans established that he was alive. Two more seriously wounded - I. M. Natarov and I. R. Vasilyev - were taken by local residents to the medical battalion. G. M. Shemyakin, periodically losing consciousness, crawled until General Dovator's cavalry found him in the forest. There were two more survivors: D. A. Kozhubergenov (Kozhabergenov) and I. E. Dobrobabin.

The fate of the surviving heroes was different. Natarov died in the medical battalion from his wounds. The surviving six Panfilovites tried to remind themselves: Vasiliev and Shemyakin - after being discharged from hospitals, Shadrin and Timofeev - later, having gone through all the horrors of concentration camps. The "resurrected" heroes were treated extremely wary. After all, the whole country knew that all the participants in the battle at Dubosekov died the death of the brave. Began incessant checks, interrogations, bullying. They were especially hostile towards Shadrin and Timofeev: for a Soviet soldier to be captured was tantamount to a betrayal of the Motherland. However, over time, all four received their Gold Stars - some earlier, some later.

Much more tragic was the fate of two more Panfilov's men: D. A. Kozhubergenov and I. E. Dobrobabin. Daniil Aleksandrovich Kozhubergenov was a liaison officer of the 4th company V. G. Klochkov. In battle, he was shell-shocked, in an unconscious state he was captured by the Germans, but after a few hours he managed to escape, stumbled upon Dovator's horsemen and broke out of the encirclement together with them. Having learned from the newspapers that he was considered dead, he was the first of the Panfilovites to declare himself. But instead of rewarding him, he was arrested. Investigator Soloveichik, at gunpoint, forced Kozhubergenov to sign the "imposture". He was sent to a marching company, but after being seriously wounded near Rzhev, he was written off, and he returned to Alma-Ata. And in order to avoid problems in the future, we decided to “correct” the list of heroes. So instead of Daniil Alexandrovich Kozhubergenov, Askar Kozhebergenov appeared. He even came up with a biography. And the real participant in the battle died as an “impostor” in 1976. He has not yet been rehabilitated and is not officially recognized.

I. E. Dobrobabin during the battle was shell-shocked and sprinkled with earth. This is probably why the German funeral team did not immediately find him. At night he woke up and crawled to the forest. When, trying to find his own, Dobrobabin entered the village, the Germans seized him and sent him to the Mozhaisk camp. During the evacuation of the camp, he managed to escape from the train, breaking the boards and jumping out at full speed. It was impossible to break through to their own: all the surrounding villages were occupied by the Germans. Then Dobrobabin decided to make his way to his native village of Perekop in Ukraine. There were no Germans in Perekop, and he settled with his sick brother Grigory, who helped him through the headman P. Zinchenko, who sympathized with the Soviet authorities, to obtain a certificate of permanent residence in this village. But a denunciation soon followed, and Dobrobabin was sent to the Levandalovsky camp. Apparently, there were also bribe-takers among the Germans, because his relatives managed to buy him out of there. But in August 1942, an order appeared to send specialists to work in Germany. Relatives persuaded him to accept the position of a policeman in the village: he would not have to go to Germany, and he could help his own people. This decision almost became fatal. When in 1943, during the retreat of the Germans, Dobrobabin escaped to his own people and, having appeared at the field military enlistment office in the village of Tarasovka, Odessa region, told Lieutenant Usov everything, an indelible suspicion fell on his honor. After a check that did not reveal the fact of treason, he was enlisted with the rank of sergeant in the 1055th regiment of the 297th division. Dobrobabin distinguished himself in battles more than once and was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd degree. But they refused to give him the Star of the Hero, despite the petition of the head of counterintelligence of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.

After demobilization, Dobrobabin returned to the city of Tokmak, where he lived before the war. Here a street was named after him and there was a full-length monument to him. But no one needed a living hero. Moreover, Ivan Dobrobabin was repressed as a former policeman. He was arrested and tried on June 8–9, 1948. For "treason" Dobrobabin was sentenced to 25 years in the camps. However, this term was reduced to 15 years (after all, one of the 28 Panfilovites). On the recommendation of the court in Moscow, he was deprived of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Not a single witness from the village of Perekop (40 km from Kharkov, where the trial was held) was called to the trial, who would confirm his struggle with the Germans. The “traitor” was also not given a lawyer. The Panfilov hero went to the camps... At the monument to Dobrobabin they cut off his head, welded another one, also a Panfilov hero, only dead.

Dobrobabin was released ahead of schedule after 7 years, and deprived of all awards. His name was not mentioned anywhere (he was considered dead), and in 1960 it was officially forbidden to mention Dobrobabin. For many years, the Moscow military historian G. Kumanev was busy with the rehabilitation of the hero. And he got his way: in 1993, the Supreme Court of Ukraine rehabilitated Dobrobabin. And after the death of Ivan Evstafievich (he died on December 19, 1996), he was returned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union by the so-called "Permanent Presidium of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR" headed by Sazhi Umalatova.

And the catchphrase of political instructor Klochkov, which has become a catchphrase, is entirely on the conscience of journalists. The Panfilov division was formed mainly from Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, Russians in it were much less than half. Many almost did not know Russian (only basic commands). So, the political instructor Klochkov would hardly have made pathetic speeches in front of the company: firstly, a good half of the fighters would not have understood anything, and secondly, the roar from the explosions was such that even the commands were not always heard.

A huge crowdfunding campaign that raised a record amount for Russia, teasers and reports on the work done, and a discussion that flared up in the historical community about the veracity of the feat of the panzfilovites all this is the picture "28 Panfilovites". Interest in the film was riveted from the very beginning of filming, and now we can look at the fruits of the "folk cinema". How did the film turn out in the end and did it live up to the expectations placed on it? Answer below.

To begin with, a brief background: in the spring of 2013, the directors of the film, Andrey Shalyopa and Kim Druzhinin, posted a teaser for the film on a crowdfunding platform and collected the first three million rubles. With the money received, a three-minute scene was filmed for a progress report. In total, almost 35 million rubles were collected, a record amount for Russia. Information about the project reached the Ministry of Culture: in the fall of 2014, the department allocated a grant for filming, and Kazakhfilm also participated in financing the project. The Gajin Entertainment studio, the developers of the military-historical game War Thunder, also contributed. As a result, the budget of the picture was about 150 million rubles, and everyone was looking forward to the release of the picture.

From the very beginning, the film introduces us to the soldiers of the 316th Infantry Division, who are practicing the technique of neutralizing German tanks at the training ground. They do it in a funny way: some move a model of a tank made of planks, the rest rehearse an accurate grenade throw that will help neutralize German vehicles. Next, a march, a formation with the pronunciation of the famous phrase “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat Moscow is behind us”, which turns into excavation of trenches and expectation of an offensive. The second part of the picture shows us that same heroic battle. Shots are heard everywhere, explosions, the pronunciation of pathos phrases and the battle to the last fighter without a hint of help.

The action promised in the trailer, heroic deeds and the atmosphere of hostilities are present in the picture. Another thing: how it was implemented. And it was implemented a little clumsily. From the very beginning, we are given characters and their speeches, providing an opportunity to get used to them. Soldiers talking about the upcoming offensive, interspersed with jokes from commanders - this, of course, is good. The bad thing is that this was given too much time in the picture, because of which the expectation of the battle becomes unbearable. Yes, and it is impossible to become related to the characters they are all the same and only the physical difference somehow distinguishes them. The characters have no emotional experiences, no longing for relatives and friends.

The second and last controversial moment in the picture is the battle itself. But only in part. It is absolutely incomprehensible to me: why are the Germans in the picture so stupid? Either they smash the false positions of the Panfilovites to smithereens, then they attack them all in a crowd, without even trying to change positions. Because of this, the fight is a copy of a computer game, where artificial intelligence is just for show and killing the Germans becomes an easy undertaking. The Wehrmacht army is simply faceless, there is no sense of approaching danger, despite their superior numbers.

Despite this, the picture was shot very well. Even despite the fact that the lack of budget was visible and not everything was perfect, the film fulfilled its task. The small number of action scenes is, of course, frustrating, but they are really well shot. Shots, explosions, moving tanks, scenery are shown quite well. The battles themselves keep the tone: it feels like you're watching a full reenactment. By the way, the work with sound was done well: machine guns, machine guns, tank engines sound decent. The directors should also be praised for the ending: I was afraid that it would not be possible to complete the picture with dignity. Also, in a small plus, you can count the complete absence of a love line. No pink snot, just war. There are also good thoughts about the unity of peoples and victory to the last drop of blood.

With all this, I don’t even want to recall the dispute about the validity of the feat of “28 Panfilov’s”. Everyone has long understood that this was propaganda, an invention to maintain patriotism. But the picture heated up passions again, and the statement of the Minister of Culture Medinsky that “all those who doubt the feat are complete scum” only added fuel to the fire. Bottom line: the picture has already begun to criticize in advance. But at the same time, there was hope for a good, solid movie about the war. And it turned out to be done. After viewing, the following thought arises: it doesn’t matter whether the feat of the Panfilovites is true or not, the important thing is that the movie was made without politics, gossip and mud-slinging, like some people. This is the whole truth.

The feat of 28 Panfilov heroes

November 16, 1941 under the new the advance of the fascist army on Moscow at the Dubosekovo junction, 28 fighters from the division of General Panfilov performed their immortal feat

By the end of October 1941, the first stage of the German operation of the attack on Moscow called "Typhoon" was completed. German troops, having defeated parts of three Soviet fronts near Vyazma, reached the near approaches to Moscow.

At the same time, the German troops suffered losses and needed some respite to rest the units, put them in order and replenish. By November 2, the front line in the Volokolamsk direction had stabilized, the German units temporarily went on the defensive.

On November 16, German troops again went on the offensive, planning to defeat the Soviet units, surround Moscow and victoriously end the 1941 campaign. In the Volokolamsk direction, the Germans were blocked by the 316th Infantry Division of Major General I.V. Panfilov, who took up defense at the front with a length of 41 kilometers from the village of Lvovo to the Bolychevo state farm.

Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov

On the right flank, its neighbor was the 126th rifle division, on the left - the 50th cavalry division from the corps Dovator.

Lev Mikhailovich Dovator

On November 16, the division was attacked by the forces of two German tank divisions: the 2nd Panzer Division of Lieutenant General Rudolf Fayel attacked the positions of the 316th Rifle Division in the center of defense, and the 11th Panzer Division of Major General Walter Scheller hit in the area Dubosekovo on the positions of the 1075th Infantry Regiment, at the junction with the 50th Cavalry Division.

Walter Scheller

PzKpfw-IIIG of the 11th Panzer Division at the Dubosekovo junction

year of issue - 1937; weight - 15.4 tons; crew - 5 people; armor - 14.5 mm;gun - 37 mm;

speed - 32 km/h

The main blow fell on the positions of the 2nd battalion of the regiment.

The 1075th Rifle Regiment suffered significant losses in personnel and equipment in previous battles, but before new battles it was significantly replenished with personnel. The question of the artillery armament of the regiment is not completely clear. According to the staff, the regiment was supposed to have a battery of four 76-mm regimental guns and an anti-tank battery of six 45-mm guns.

The obsolete French guns also had poor ballistics; nothing is known about the presence of armor-piercing shells for them. However, it is known that for firing at tanks from guns of this type, shrapnel shells were used, the fuse of which was set to strike. From a 500-meter distance, such a projectile pierced 31 millimeters of German armor.

At the same time, it is known that in general, the 316th Rifle Division on November 16, 1941 had 12 - 45-mm anti-tank guns, 26 - 76-mm divisional guns, 17 - 122-mm howitzers and 5 - 122-mm corps guns , which could be used in combat with German tanks. The neighbor, the 50th Cavalry Division, also had its own artillery. The infantry anti-tank weapons of the regiment were represented by 11 ATGMs (four of them were in the second battalion), RPG-40 grenades and Molotov cocktails.

Anti-tank guns distinguished by high armor penetration, especially when using cartridges with B-31 bullets that had a tungsten carbide core.

PTRD could hit German tanks only at close range from a 300-meter distance, breaking through 35-mm armor at that distance.

Battle at the Dubosekovo junction became the first case of the use of anti-tank rifles, the production of which was just beginning to unfold, and their number was still insufficient.

Right here at Dubosekova, and the fourth company of the 1075th rifle regiment accepted the battle. According to the staff of division 04/600, there should have been 162 people in the company, and by December 16 there were about 120 people in the standing. Where did the number 28 come from?

The fact is that on the eve of the battle, from among the most persistent and most accurate fighters, a special group of tank destroyers was created in the amount of about 30 people, commanded by a 30-year-old political instructor Vasily Klochkov.

Vasily Georgievich Klochkov - Diev

All anti-tank guns were transferred to this group, and therefore the number of tanks destroyed does not look fantastic at all - out of 54 tanks moving towards the Panfilovites, the heroes managed to destroy 18 vehicles, the loss of 13 of which was recognized by the Germans themselves. But the Germans recognized the tank as lost only if it could not be restored, and if after the battle the tank was sent for major repairs with the replacement of the engine or weapons, such a tank was not considered lost.

A list of these fighters a few days later was compiled from memory by the company commander, Captain Gundilovich, at the request of the Krasnaya Zvezda correspondent Alexander Yuryevich Krivitsky. The captain may not have remembered someone, and someone probably got on this list by mistake - he died earlier or fought with the Germans as part of another unit, because the group included not only the captain's subordinates, but also volunteers from other units a shelf.

Despite the fact that, following the results of the battle, the battlefield remained with the Germans, and most of our fighters who participated in this battle died, the motherland did not forget the feat of the heroes, and already on November 27, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper for the first time informed the people about this feat, and on the following day, an editorial appeared in the same newspaper under the headline "Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes". This article indicated that 29 Panfilov soldiers fought with enemy tanks. At the same time, the 29th was called a traitor. In fact, this 29th was sent Klochkov with a report to Dubosekovo. However, there were already Germans and a fighter in the village. Daniil Kozhabergenov was taken prisoner. On the evening of November 16, he escaped from captivity to the forest. For some time he was in the occupied territory, after which he was discovered by horsemen Dovator who are in the raid on the German rear. After connection exit Dovator from the raid, was interrogated by a special department, admitted that he did not participate in the battle, and was sent back to the division Dovator.

The main blow fell on the positions of the 2nd battalion, which occupied the Petelino-Shiryaevo-Dubosekovo defense line. The 4th company of this battalion covered the most important section - the railway crossing near Dubosekovo, behind which a direct road to Moscow opened. The firing points immediately before the move were organized by the soldiers of the 2nd platoon of tank destroyers - a total of 29 people. They were armed with PTRD anti-tank rifles, as well as anti-tank grenades and Molotov cocktails. There was one machine gun.



bottles with cop

On the eve of this battle, the commander of the second platoon, D. Shirmatov, was wounded, therefore, the “Panfilovites” were commanded by the castle platoon commander, sergeant I. E. Dobrobabin.

Ivan Efstafievich Dobrobabin

He made sure that the firing positions were equipped to the conscience - five full-profile trenches were dug, reinforced with railway sleepers.

reconstruction of the trenches "Panfilov"

At 8 am on November 16, the first Nazis appeared near the fortifications. The “Panfilovites” hid and did not show their presence. As soon as most of the Germans climbed to the heights in front of the positions, Dobrobabin whistled briefly. The machine gun immediately responded, shooting the Germans at close range, from a hundred meters.

Opened heavy fire and other soldiers of the platoon. The enemy, having lost about 70 people, rolled back in disorder. After this first encounter, 2nd Platoon had no casualties at all.
Soon, German artillery fire fell on the railway crossing, after which the German submachine gunners again went on the attack. She was repulsed again, and again without loss. In the afternoon, two German PzKpfw-IIIG tanks appeared near Dubosekovo, accompanied by an infantry platoon. The Panfilovites managed to destroy several infantrymen and set fire to one tank, after which the enemy retreated again. The relative calm in front of Dubosekovo was explained by the fact that a fierce battle had been in full swing at the positions of the 5th and 6th companies of the 2nd battalion for a long time.

Having regrouped, the Germans carried out a short artillery preparation and threw a tank battalion into the attack with the support of two companies of machine gunners. The tanks were deployed front, 15-20 tanks in a group, in several waves.

The main blow was inflicted in the direction of Dubosekovo as the most tank-accessible area.

At two o'clock in the afternoon, a heated battle broke out before the move. Anti-tank guns, of course, could not stop the advance of a dozen German tanks, and the battle began near the village itself. The soldiers had to jump out of the trenches under gun and machine-gun fire in order to surely throw a bunch of anti-tank grenades or a Molotov cocktail. At the same time, they still had to repel the attacks of enemy machine gunners, shoot at tankers jumping out of tanks on fire ...

As a participant in that battle testifies, one of the platoon soldiers could not stand it and jumped out of the trench with his hands up. Carefully aiming, Vasiliev removed the traitor.
From explosions in the air there was a constant curtain of dirty snow, soot and smoke. This is probably why Dobrobabin did not notice how the enemy practically destroyed the 1st and 3rd platoons on the right and left. Soldiers and his platoon perished one by one, but the number of destroyed tanks also grew. The seriously wounded were hastily dragged into the dugout, equipped in positions. The lightly wounded did not go anywhere and continued to fire ...
Finally, having lost several tanks and up to two infantry platoons before moving, the enemy began to retreat. One of the last shells fired by the Germans severely concussed Dobrobabin, and he lost consciousness for a long time.

The command was taken by the political instructor of the 4th company V. G. Klochkov, sent to the position of the second platoon of the commander Gundilovich. The surviving fighters later spoke respectfully about Klochkov - without any pathetic phrases, he raised the spirit of the fighters, exhausted and sooty by many hours of battle.

The soul of the detachment of guards was a political instructor V.G. Klochkov. Already in the first days of the fighting near the walls of the capital, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and honored to participate in a military parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941.
Vasily Klochkov made his way into the trenches at the Dubosekovo junction and stayed with his soldiers to the end. Twenty black, with white crosses, clanging caterpillars, smugly rumbling fascist tanks were advancing on the Dubosekovsky trench in an avalanche. The Nazi infantry ran behind the tanks. Klochkov remarked: “There are a lot of tanks coming, but there are more of us. Twenty tanks, less than one tank per brother. The warriors decided to fight to the death. The tanks moved very close. The fight has begun. The command was given by political instructor Klochkov. Under fire, the Panfilovites jumped out of the trench and threw bundles of grenades under the tracks of tanks, and bottles of fuel on the engine part or gas tank.

For four hours a firestorm raged over the trenches of the brave men. Shells exploded, bottles of combustible mixture flew, shells hissed and whistled, flames raged, melting snow, earth and armor. The enemy could not stand it and retreated. Fourteen steel monsters with ominous white crosses on their sides blazed on the battlefield. The survivors got away. Thinned the ranks of the defenders. In the haze of the advancing twilight, the rumble of motors was heard again. Having licked their wounds, filling their belly with fire and lead, the enemy, seized by a new fit of rage, again rushed to the attack - 30 tanks moved on a handful of brave men.

Political instructor Klochkov looked at the soldiers.
“Thirty tanks, friends!” he said. Probably, we will have to die here for the glory of the Motherland. Let the Motherland find out how we fight here, how we defend Moscow. We have nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow.

These words of Klochkov entered the hearts of the fighters, like a call of the Motherland, a demand, her order, instilling in them a new force of selfless courage. Now it was already clear that in this battle the warriors would find their own death, but still they wanted to make the enemy pay dearly for their lives. The soldiers, bleeding, did not leave their combat posts. The attack of the Nazis bogged down. Suddenly another heavy tank tries to break through to the trench. Political instructor Klochkov stands up to meet him. His hand is clutching a bunch of grenades - the last bunch. Seriously wounded with grenades, he rushed to the enemy tank and blew it up.

The brave political instructor did not hear how a strong explosion echoed through the snow-covered expanses. Next to Klochkov, head to head, lay the wounded soldier Ivan Nashtarov and, as if through a dream, from somewhere far away, he heard the voice of the political instructor “We are dying, brother ... Someday they will remember us ... If you live, tell us ... ". Second attack repulsed. Again the enemy did not pass. He rushed about in smoke and flames and, finally, backing away, growling in impotent rage, turned into a shameful flight, leaving 18 of his 50 tanks to burn out. The resilience of 28 Soviet hero heroes turned out to be stronger than enemy armor. More than 150 fascist conquerors lay on the snow at the site of a fierce battle. The battlefield was silent. The legendary trench was silent. The defenders of their native land did what they had to do. Spreading their weary arms, as if covering their wounded, blood-soaked native land with their lifeless bodies, lay those who stood. For boundless courage, heroism, military prowess and courage, the Soviet government posthumously awarded the participants in the battle at the Dubosekovo junction the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The Panfilovites became a terrible curse for the Nazis, and there were legends about the strength and courage of the heroes. On November 17, 1941, the 316th Rifle Division was renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Hundreds of guardsmen were awarded orders and medals.
On November 19, the division lost its commander ... 36 days fought under the command of General I.V. Panfilov 316th Rifle Division, defending the capital in the main direction.
Having not achieved decisive successes in the Volokolamsk direction, the main enemy forces turned to Solnechnogorsk, where they intended to break through first to Leningradskoe, then to Dmitrovskoe highway and enter Moscow from the north-west.
As it turned out later, not all 28 Panfilov soldiers fell in this unprecedented battle. The Red Army soldier Nashtarov, seriously wounded, having gathered his last strength, crawled away from the battlefield and was picked up by our scouts at night. In the hospital, he spoke about the feat of Soviet soldiers. Three days after the battle, he died. The Red Army soldiers Illarion Romanovich Vasilyev, Grigory Melentyevich Shemyakin were picked up half-dead on the battlefield and, after being cured, returned to their native division. Red Army soldier Ivan Demidovich Shadrin during the battle in an unconscious state was captured by the Germans. For more than three years, he experienced all the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps, while remaining faithful to his homeland and the Soviet people. Vasiliev died in the city of Kemerovo, Shemyakin died in Alma-Ata in December 1973, Shadrin, who lived in the village of Kirovskoye, Alma-Ata region, died.
The names of the Panfilov heroes are included in the annals of the Great Patriotic War in gold letters

By the end of the day, despite stubborn resistance, the 1075th Rifle Regiment was driven out of its positions and forced to retreat. An example of self-sacrifice was shown not only by the “Panfilovites” near Dubosekovo. Two days later, 11 sappers of the 1077th rifle regiment from the same Panfilov's 316th division delayed the advance of 27 German tanks with infantry near the village of Strokovo for a long time at the cost of their lives.

In two days of fighting, the 1075th regiment lost 400 people killed, 100 wounded and 600 missing. From the 4th company, which defended Dubosekovo, hardly a fifth remained. In the 5th and 6th companies, the losses were even heavier.

Contrary to the legends, not all "Panfilov" died in battle - seven soldiers survived from the 2nd platoon, and all were seriously wounded. These are Natarov, Vasiliev, Shemyakin, Shadrin, Timofeev, Kozhubergenov and Dobrobabin. Before the arrival of the Germans, local residents managed to deliver the most seriously wounded Natarov and Vasiliev to the medical battalion. Shemyakin, seriously shell-shocked, crawled through the forest from the village, where he was discovered by the cavalrymen of General Dovator. The Germans managed to capture two - Shadrin (he was unconscious) and Timofeev (heavily wounded).

Natarov, taken to the medical battalion, soon died of his wounds. Before his death, he managed to tell something about the battle at Dubosekovo. So this story fell into the hands of the literary editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper A. Krivitsky.

But, as we remember, six people survived from the second platoon - Vasiliev and Shemyakin recovered in hospitals, Shadrin and Timofeev went through the hell of concentration camps, and Kozhubergenov and Dobrobabin continued to fight for their own. Therefore, when they declared themselves, the NKVD reacted to this very nervously. Shadrin and Timofeev were immediately written down as traitors. It is not known what else they did in captivity of the Nazis. The rest were looked at very suspiciously - after all, the whole country knows that all 28 heroes died! And if they say that they are alive. So they are either impostors or cowards. And we don't know which is worse.

The history of the Second World War is full of heroic pages. However, over the 70 years that have passed since the Victory, many falsifications have been revealed, as well as stories about how certain events took place that raise doubts about their authenticity. Among them is the feat of 28 Panfilovites, which is mentioned in the anthem of Moscow and which more than once became the basis for scripts for feature films.

background

In the first months after, the 316th Rifle Division was formed in the cities of Frunze and Alma-Ata, the command of which was entrusted to the then military commissar Major General I.V. Panfilov. At the end of August 1941, this military unit became part of the active army and was sent to the front near Novgorod. Two months later, he was transferred to the Volokolamsk region and ordered to take up a 40 km defense zone. The soldiers of the Panfilov division had to constantly wage exhausting battles. Moreover, only in the last week of October 1941, they knocked out and burned 80 units of enemy equipment, and the enemy’s losses in manpower amounted to more than 9 thousand officers and soldiers.

The division under the command of Panfilov included 2 artillery regiments. In addition, she had one tank company under her command. However, one of its rifle regiments was poorly prepared, as it was formed shortly before leaving for the front. The Panfilovites, as they were later called in the Soviet press, were opposed by three tank and one rifle divisions of the Wehrmacht. The enemy went on the offensive on 15 October.

One of the most famous Soviet patriotic legends, which originated during the Great Patriotic War, tells about the events at the Dubosekovo junction, which allegedly took place on November 16, 1941. She first appeared in the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda, in an essay by front correspondent V. Koroteev. According to this source, 28 people who were part of the fourth company of the second battalion of the 1075th regiment, commanded by political instructor V. Klochkov, destroyed 18 enemy tanks during a fierce 4-hour battle. At the same time, almost all of them died in an unequal battle. The article also cited a phrase that, according to Koroteev, Klochkov uttered before his death: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”

The feat of 28 Panfilov's men: the story of one falsification

The day after the first article in Krasnaya Zvezda, a material was published under the authorship of A. Yu. Krivitsky, entitled “Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes”, whom the journalist called only Panfilovites. The feat of the soldiers and their political instructor was described in detail, but the publication did not mention the names of the participants in the events. They first got into the press only on January 22, when the same Krivitsky presented the feat of the Panfilovites in a detailed essay, acting as an eyewitness to those events. Interestingly, Izvestia wrote about the battles near Volokolamsk as early as November 19 and reported a total of 9 wrecked tanks and 3 burnt ones.

The story of the heroes who defended the capital at the cost of their lives shocked the Soviet people and soldiers who fought on all fronts, and the command of the Western Front prepared a petition addressed to the People's Commissar of Defense to appropriate the 28 brave soldiers indicated in the article by A. Krivitsky, titles of Heroes of the Soviet Union. As a result, already on July 21, 1942, the Presidium of the Supreme Council signed a corresponding decree.

Official exposure

Already in 1948, a large-scale investigation was carried out in order to establish whether the feat of 28 Panfilov's men really took place. The reason was that a year before that, a certain I. E. Dobrobabin had been arrested in Kharkov. He was prosecuted with the wording "for treason", as the investigators found irrefutable facts confirming that during the war years he voluntarily surrendered and entered the service of the invaders. In particular, it was possible to establish that this former policeman in 1941 was a participant in the battle near the Dubosekovo junction. Moreover, it turned out that he and Dobrobabin, mentioned in Krivitsky's article, are the same person, and he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero. Further investigation made it possible to consider everything stated in the articles in which the feat of the Panfilovites near Moscow was described as a falsification. The revealed facts formed the basis of a certificate signed by the then Prosecutor General of the USSR G. Safonov, which was presented on June 11, 1948.

Criticism in the press

The results of the investigation, which cast doubt on the fact that the feat of the Panfilovites in the form described in the publications of the Red Star, actually took place, did not get into the Soviet press. Only in 1966 did the first article appear in Novy Mir concerning the November battles near Dubosekovo. In it, the author urged to study the facts regarding who the Panfilovites were, whose feat was described in all history textbooks. However, this topic did not receive further development in the Soviet press until the beginning of perestroika, when thousands of archival documents were declassified, including the results of the 1948 investigation, which established that the feat of the Panfilov heroes was just a literary fiction.

Where did the number 28 come from

The transcript of the interrogation of the correspondent Koroteev sheds light on how and why in 1941 there was a distortion of the facts concerning the Panfilov soldiers. In particular, he points out that upon returning from the front, he presented information about the battle of the 5th company of the 316th rifle division, which fell on the battlefield without giving up its positions, to the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda. He asked him how many fighters there were, and Koroteev, who knew that she was understaffed, replied that 30-40, adding that he himself was not in the 1075th rifle regiment, since it turned out to be impossible to get into his position. In addition, he said that, according to a political report from the regiment, two soldiers tried to surrender, but were shot dead by their comrades. Thus, it was decided to publish the number 28 and write about only one fighter who was reluctant. This is how the legend and the fictitious “Panfilov’s dead, all as one”, whose feat was sung in poems and songs, appeared.

Attitude towards achievement

Today it is blasphemous to argue about whether the Panfilovites were heroes. The feat of all those soldiers who honestly fulfilled their duty in November 1941 is undoubted, as is their great merit in the fact that the Soviet troops did not allow the fascist invaders into the capital of our Motherland. Another thing is that the fact that traitors were among those awarded is an insult to the memory of real heroes who did not spare their lives for the sake of achieving the Great Victory, the 70th anniversary of which will soon be celebrated by all mankind, not suffering from historical amnesia.

The emergence of the official version

The history of the emergence of the official version of events is set out in the materials of the investigation of the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office. The feat of the heroes was first reported by the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper on November 27, 1941 in an essay by the front-line correspondent V. I. Koroteev. The article about the participants in the battle said that "everyone died, but the enemy was not missed."

Over fifty enemy tanks moved to the lines occupied by twenty-nine Soviet guards from the division. Panfilov… Only one out of twenty-nine was cowardly… only one raised his hands up… several guardsmen at the same time, without saying a word, without a command, shot at a coward and a traitor…

The editorial went on to say that the remaining 28 guards destroyed 18 enemy tanks and "lay down their lives - all twenty-eight. They died, but did not let the enemy through ... "The editorial was written by the literary secretary of the Red Star A. Yu. Krivitsky. The names of the guardsmen who fought and died, both in the first and in the second article, were not indicated.

Criticism of the official version

Critics of the official version, as a rule, give the following arguments and assumptions:

Investigation materials

In November 1947, the Military Prosecutor's Office of the Kharkov garrison arrested and prosecuted I. E. Dobrobabin for treason. According to the case file, while at the front, Dobrobabin voluntarily surrendered to the Germans and in the spring of 1942 entered their service. He served as chief of police in the temporarily German-occupied village of Perekop, Valkovsky district, Kharkiv region. In March 1943, when this area was liberated from the Germans, Dobrobabin was arrested as a traitor by the Soviet authorities, but escaped from custody, again went over to the Germans and again got a job in the German police, continuing active treacherous activities, arrests of Soviet citizens and the direct implementation of forced sending labor to Germany.

When Dobrobabin was arrested, a book about 28 Panfilov heroes was found, and it turned out that he was one of the main participants in this heroic battle, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. By interrogation of Dobrobabin, it was established that in the Dubosekov area he was indeed slightly wounded and captured by the Germans, but did not perform any feats, and everything that is written about him in the book about the Panfilov heroes is not true. In this regard, the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR conducted a thorough investigation into the history of the battle at the Dubosekovo junction. The results were reported by the Chief Military Prosecutor of the Armed Forces of the country, Lieutenant General of Justice N.P. Afanasyev, to the USSR Prosecutor General G.N. Safonov on May 10, 1948. On the basis of this report, on June 11, a certificate signed by Safonov was drawn up, addressed to A. A. Zhdanov.

For the first time, V. Kardin publicly doubted the authenticity of the story about the Panfilovites, who published the article “Legends and Facts” in the journal Novy Mir (February 1966). A number of new publications followed in the late 1980s. An important argument was the publication of declassified materials from the 1948 investigation by the military prosecutor's office.

In particular, these materials contain the testimony of the former commander of the 1075th Infantry Regiment, I. V. Kaprov:

... There was no battle between 28 Panfilov's men and German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 - this is a complete fiction. On this day, at the Dubosekovo junction, as part of the 2nd battalion, the 4th company fought with German tanks, and really fought heroically. More than 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote about it in the newspapers. None of the correspondents contacted me during this period; I never told anyone about the battle of 28 Panfilov's men, and I could not speak, since there was no such battle. I did not write any political report on this matter. I do not know on the basis of what materials they wrote in the newspapers, in particular in the Red Star, about the battle of 28 guardsmen from the division named after. Panfilov. At the end of December 1941, when the division was assigned to the formation, the correspondent of the "Red Star" Krivitsky came to my regiment along with representatives of the political department of the division Glushko and Yegorov. Here I first heard about 28 Panfilov guardsmen. In a conversation with me, Krivitsky said that it was necessary to have 28 Panfilov guardsmen who fought with German tanks. I told him that the whole regiment, and especially the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, fought with German tanks, but I don’t know anything about the battle of 28 guardsmen ... Captain Gundilovich gave names to Krivitsky from memory, who had conversations with him on this topic, there were no documents about the battle of 28 Panfilov soldiers in the regiment and could not be. Nobody asked me about my last name. Subsequently, after lengthy clarifications of surnames, only in April 1942 from the headquarters of the division were sent ready-made award lists and a general list of 28 guardsmen to my regiment for signature. I signed these sheets for conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 28 guardsmen. Who was the initiator of compiling the list and award lists for 28 guards - I do not know.

The materials of the interrogation of the correspondent Koroteev are also given (clarifying the origin of the number 28):

Around November 23-24, 1941, together with the military correspondent of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper Chernyshev, I was at the headquarters of the 16th army ... When we left the army headquarters, we met the commissar of the 8th Panfilov division Yegorov, who spoke about the extremely difficult situation at the front and reported that our people are fighting heroically in all areas. In particular, Egorov gave an example of a heroic battle of one company with German tanks, 54 tanks advanced on the line of the company, and the company delayed them, destroying some of them. Yegorov himself was not a participant in the battle, but spoke from the words of the regimental commissar, who also did not participate in the battle with German tanks ... Yegorov recommended writing in the newspaper about the heroic battle of the company with enemy tanks, having previously read the political report received from the regiment ...

The political report spoke of the battle of the fifth company with enemy tanks and that the company stood "to the death" - it died, but did not retreat, and only two people turned out to be traitors, raised their hands to surrender to the Germans, but they were destroyed by our fighters. The report did not mention the number of company soldiers who died in this battle, and did not mention their names. We did not establish this from conversations with the regiment commander either. It was impossible to get into the regiment, and Yegorov did not advise us to try to get into the regiment.

Upon arrival in Moscow, I reported the situation to the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, Ortenberg, about the company's battle with enemy tanks. Ortenberg asked me how many people were in the company. I answered him that the composition of the company, apparently, was incomplete, about 30-40 people; I also said that two of these people turned out to be traitors ... I didn’t know that a front line on this topic was being prepared, but Ortenberg called me again and asked how many people were in the company. I told him that about 30 people. Thus, the number of 28 people who fought appeared, since out of 30 two turned out to be traitors. Ortenberg said that it was impossible to write about two traitors, and, apparently, after consulting with someone, he decided to write about only one traitor in the front line.

The interrogated secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky testified:

During a conversation in PUR with Comrade Krapivin, he was interested in where I got the words of political instructor Klochkov, written in my basement: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow,” I answered him that I invented it myself ...

... In terms of sensations and actions, 28 heroes are my literary conjecture. I did not talk to any of the wounded or surviving guardsmen. From the local population, I spoke only with a boy of 14-15 years old, who showed the grave where Klochkov was buried.

... In 1943, from the division where 28 Panfilov heroes were and fought, they sent me a letter of awarding me the title of guardsman. I was only in the division three or four times.

The conclusion of the investigation of the prosecutor's office:

Thus, the materials of the investigation established that the feat of 28 Panfilov guards, covered in the press, is a fiction of the correspondent Koroteev, the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda Ortenberg, and especially the literary secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky.

Official version support

Marshal of the Soviet Union D.T. Yazov defended the official version, relying, in particular, on the study of the historian G.A. Kumanev "Feat and Forgery". In September 2011, the newspaper Sovetskaya Rossiya published an article Shamelessly ridiculed feat, which included a letter from the marshal criticizing Mironenko. The same letter, with slight cuts, was also published by Komsomolskaya Pravda:

... It turned out that not all "twenty-eight" were dead. What of it? The fact that six of the twenty-eight named heroes, being wounded, shell-shocked, against all odds, survived the battle on November 16, 1941, refutes the fact that an enemy tank column was stopped at the Dubosekovo junction, rushing towards Moscow? Doesn't refute. Yes, indeed, it later became known that not all 28 heroes died in that battle. So, G. M. Shemyakin and I. R. Vasiliev were seriously wounded and ended up in the hospital. D. F. Timofeev and I. D. Shadrin were taken prisoner by the wounded and experienced all the horrors of fascist captivity. The fate of D. A. Kuzhebergenov and I. E. Dobrobabin, who also survived, but for various reasons excluded from the list of Heroes and have not yet been restored in this capacity, was not easy, although their participation in the battle at the Dubosekovo junction, in principle, does not cause no doubt, which was convincingly proved in his study by the doctor of historical sciences G. A. Kumanev, who personally met with them. ... By the way, the fate of these "resurrected from the dead" Panfilov heroes was the reason for writing in May 1948 a letter from the Chief Military Prosecutor, Lieutenant General of Justice N.P. Afanasyev, to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks A. A. Zhdanov ...

However, Andrey Alexandrovich Zhdanov ... immediately determined that all the materials of the "investigation of the case of 28 Panfilovites", set out in the letter of the Chief Military Prosecutor, were prepared too clumsily, the conclusions, as they say, were "sewn with white threads." ... As a result, the "case" was not given further progress, and it was sent to the archive ...

D. Yazov cited the words of the correspondent of Krasnaya Zvezda A. Yu. Krivitsky, who was accused of the fact that the feat of 28 Panfilov's men was the fruit of his author's imagination. Recalling the course of the investigation, A. Yu. Krivitsky said:

I was told that if I refuse to testify that I completely invented the description of the battle at Dubosekovo and that I did not talk to any of the seriously wounded or surviving Panfilov before the publication of the article, then I would soon find myself in Pechora or Kolyma. In such an environment, I had to say that the battle at Dubosekovo was my literary fiction.

Documentary evidence of the battle

The commander of the 1075th regiment, I. Kaprov (testimonies given during the investigation of the Panfilov case):

... In the company by November 16, 1941 there were 120-140 people. My command post was behind the Dubosekovo junction, 1.5 km from the position of the 4th company (2nd battalion). I don’t remember now whether there were anti-tank rifles in the 4th company, but I repeat that in the entire 2nd battalion there were only 4 anti-tank rifles ... In total, there were 10-12 enemy tanks in the sector of the 2nd battalion. How many tanks went (directly) to the sector of the 4th company, I don’t know, or rather, I can’t determine ...

With the resources of the regiment and the efforts of the 2nd battalion, this tank attack was repulsed. In battle, the regiment destroyed 5-6 German tanks, and the Germans withdrew. At 14-15 hours, the Germans opened heavy artillery fire ... and again went on the attack with tanks ... More than 50 tanks attacked in the regiment’s sectors, and the main blow was directed at the positions of the 2nd battalion, including the sector of the 4th company, and one the tank even went to the location of the regiment’s command post and set fire to the hay and the booth, so that I accidentally managed to get out of the dugout: the embankment of the railway saved me, people who survived the attack of German tanks began to gather around me. The 4th company suffered the most: led by the company commander Gundilovich, 20-25 people survived. The rest of the companies suffered less.

According to archival data of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the entire 1075th Infantry Regiment on November 16, 1941 destroyed 15 (according to other sources - 16) tanks and about 800 enemy personnel. The losses of the regiment, according to the report of its commander, amounted to 400 people killed, 600 people missing, 100 people wounded.

Testimony of the chairman of the Nelidovsky village council Smirnova during the investigation into the Panfilov case:

The battle of the Panfilov division near our village of Nelidovo and the Dubosekovo junction took place on November 16, 1941. During this battle, all our residents, including myself, hid in shelters ... The Germans entered the area of ​​\u200b\u200bour village and the Dubosekovo junction on November 16, 1941 and were repulsed by units of the Soviet Army on December 20, 1941. At that time, there were large snow drifts, which continued until February 1942, due to which we did not collect the corpses of those killed on the battlefield and did not perform funerals.

... In the early days of February 1942, we found only three corpses on the battlefield, which we buried in a mass grave on the outskirts of our village. And then already in March 1942, when it began to melt, military units carried three more corpses to the mass grave, including the corpse of political instructor Klochkov, who was identified by the soldiers. So in the mass grave of the Panfilov heroes, which is located on the outskirts of our village of Nelidovo, 6 fighters of the Soviet Army are buried. No more corpses were found on the territory of the Nelidovsky village council.

From a note by Colonel-General S. M. Shtemenko to the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR N. A. Bulganin on August 28, 1948:

No operational documents and documents through political bodies specifically mentioning the heroic feat that actually took place and the death of 28 Panfilov’s men in the area of ​​​​the Dubosekovo junction were found at all ... Only one document confirms the death of the political instructor of the 4th company Klochkov (mentioned among the 28th mi). Therefore, it can be clearly assumed that the first reports about the battle of 28 Panfilov’s men on November 16, 1941 were made by the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, in which Koroteev’s essay, the newspaper’s editorial and Krivitsky’s essay “On 28 Fallen Heroes” were published. These reports, apparently, served as the basis for the presentation of 28 people to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Battle reenactment

By the end of October 1941, the first stage of the German operation "Typhoon" (attack on Moscow) was completed. German troops, having defeated parts of three Soviet fronts near Vyazma, reached the near approaches to Moscow. At the same time, the German troops suffered losses and needed some respite to rest the units, put them in order and replenish. By November 2, the front line in the Volokolamsk direction had stabilized, the German units temporarily went on the defensive. On November 16, German troops again went on the offensive, planning to defeat the Soviet units, surround Moscow and victoriously end the 1941 campaign.

The fate of some Panfilov

  • Momyshuly, Bauyrzhan. After the war, the brave officer continued to serve in the Armed Forces of the USSR. In 1948 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. Since 1950 - Senior Lecturer at the Military Academy of Logistics and Supply of the Soviet Army. Since December 1955, Colonel Momysh-uly has been in reserve. Member of the Writers' Union of the USSR. He entered the history of military science as the author of tactical maneuvers and strategies that are still being studied in military universities. He lectured on combat training during a visit to Cuba in 1963 (published in Spanish-language newspapers). He met with the Minister of Defense of Cuba, Raul Castro, and was awarded the title of honorary commander of the 51st regiment of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba. In the military educational institutions of the USA, Cuba, Israel, Nicaragua, the military experience of Momyshuly is studied separately. "Volokolamsk Highway" became a required reading book for members of the Palmach, and later for officers of the Israel Defense Forces. Fernando Heredia wrote that "most Cubans begin their study of Marxism-Leninism from Volokolamsk Highway." He died on June 10, 1982.

Alma-Ata, park named after 28 Panfilov guardsmen. A memorial stone dedicated to Grigory Shemyakin, who was born in 1906 (according to the old style) or in 1907 (according to the new style) and actually died in 1973, but the year of death is engraved on the stone as 1941, since, according to the official version, all 28 Panfilov died.

  • Kozhabergenov (Kuzhebergenov) Daniil Alexandrovich. Liaison officer Klochkov. He did not directly participate in the battle, since in the morning he was sent with a report to Dubosekovo, where he was captured. On the evening of November 16, he escaped from captivity to the forest. For some time he was in the occupied territory, after which he was discovered by the horsemen of General L. M. Dovator, who were in a raid on the German rear. After the release of the Dovator connection from the raid, he was interrogated by a special department, admitted that he had not participated in the battle, and was sent back to the Dovator division. By this time, a submission had already been drawn up for conferring the title of Hero on him, but after an investigation, his name was changed to Askar Kozhabergenov. Died in 1976.
  • Kozhabergenov (Kuzhebergenov) Askar (Aliaskar). He arrived in Panfilov's division in January 1942 (thus, he could not participate in the battle at Dubosekov). In the same month, he died during a raid by the Panfilov division on the German rear. Included in the submission for the title of Hero instead of Daniil Aleksandrovich Kozhabergenov, after it turned out that the latter was still alive. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, together with other Panfilovites, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
  • Vasiliev, Illarion Romanovich. In the battle on November 16, he was seriously wounded and ended up in the hospital (according to various versions, he was either evacuated from the battlefield, or picked up by local residents after the battle and sent to the hospital, or crawled for three days and was picked up by Dovator's horsemen). After recovery, he was sent to the active army, to the rear unit. In 1943 he was demobilized from the army for health reasons. After the publication of the Decree on awarding him the title of Hero (posthumously), he announced his participation in the battle. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. He died in 1969 in Kemerovo.
  • Natarov, Ivan Moiseevich. According to Krivitsky's articles, he took part in the battle near Dubosekov, was seriously wounded, taken to the hospital and, dying, told Krivitsky about the feat of the Panfilovites. According to the political report of the military commissar of the 1075th Infantry Regiment Mukhamedyarov, stored in the TsAMO funds, he died two days before the battle - on November 14. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 21, 1942, together with other Panfilovites, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
  • Timofeev, Dmitry Fomich. During the battle he was wounded and taken prisoner. In captivity, he managed to survive, after the end of the war he returned to his homeland. Claimed to receive the star of the Hero, after appropriate verification, he received it without much publicity shortly before his death in 1950.
  • Shemyakin, Grigory Melentievich. During the battle, he was wounded and ended up in the hospital (there is information that he was picked up by soldiers of the Dovator division). After the publication of the Decree on awarding him the title of Hero (posthumously), he announced his participation in the battle. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. He died in 1973 in Alma-Ata.
  • Shadrin, Ivan Demidovich. After the battle on November 16, he was captured in an unconscious state, according to his own statement. Until 1945 he was in a concentration camp, after his release he spent another 2 years in a Soviet filtration camp for former prisoners of war. In 1947 he returned home to the Altai Territory, where no one was waiting for him - he was considered dead, and his wife lived in his house with her new husband. For two years he was interrupted by odd jobs, until in 1949 the secretary of the district committee, who learned his story, wrote about him to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. After appropriate verification, without much publicity, he received the star of the Hero. Died in 1985.

Memory

see also

Notes

  1. M. M. Kozlov. The Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945. Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - S. 526.
  2. Reference-report "On 28 Panfilovites". State archive of the Russian Federation. F.R - 8131 ch. Op. 37. D. 4041. Ll. 310-320. Published in the journal "New World", 1997, No. 6, p.148
  3. "Adjusted for the myth" POISK - newspaper of the Russian scientific community
  4. Ponomarev Anton. Heroes Panfilov, who in 1941 stopped the Germans on the outskirts of Moscow, are remembered in Russia, First channel(November 16, 2011). Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  5. Gorohovsky A. The famous feat of twenty-eight Panfilov's men at the Dubosekovo junction was invented by the journalists of the Red Star and the party leadership of the Red Army // Data: newspaper. - 11/17/2000.
  6. In particular, the loss of 10 tanks on November 6, 1941 in the battles near Mtsensk made a strong negative impression on the command of the 4th Panzer Division and was especially noted in Guderian's memoirs - Kolomiets M. 1st Guards Tank Brigade in the battles for Moscow // Front illustration. - No. 4. - 2007.
  7. "The Red Army soldier Natarov, being wounded, continued the battle and fought and fired from his rifle to the last breath and heroically died in battle." Political report of A. L. Mukhamedyarov dated November 14, 1941. Published: Zhuk Yu. A. Unknown pages of the battle for Moscow. Moscow battle. Facts and myths. - M.: AST, 2008.
  8. Shamelessly ridiculed feat // Soviet Russia. - 1.9.2011.
  9. Marshal Dmitry Yazov: “28 Panfilov heroes - fiction? And who then stopped the Germans? // TVNZ. - 15.9.2011.
  10. Cardin V. Legends and facts. Years later // Questions of Literature. - No. 6, 2000.
  11. Transcript of the program "The Price of Victory" 10/16/2006. Radio "Echo of Moscow". Author - Andrey Viktorovich Martynov, historian, Ph.D. (Retrieved November 16, 2012)
  12. Isaev A. Five circles of hell. The Red Army in the "cauldrons". - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2008. - S. 327.
  13. Fedoseev S. Infantry against tanks // Around the world: magazine. - April 2005. - No. 4 (2775).
  14. Shirokorad A. B.. God of War of the Third Reich. - M.: 2003. - S. 38-39.
  15. Alien Glory // Military History Journal. - 1990. - No. 8, 9.
  16. See material in the program "Searchers" from March 19, 2008 [ clarify]
  17. Dobrobabin, during the investigation on the issue of rehabilitation, stated: “I really served in the police, I understand that I committed a crime against the Motherland”; confirmed that, in fear of punishment, he voluntarily left the village of Perekop with the retreating Germans. He also claimed that he "did not have any real opportunity to go over to the side of the Soviet troops or join a partisan detachment", which was considered inappropriate to the circumstances of the case.