Presentation on theme: "The grammatical basis of a sentence. Subject and predicate".

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The grammatical basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate.

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SUBJECT

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The subject is the main member of the sentence. Answers the questions who? what? In the nominative case. Associated with the predicate.

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The subject denotes the producer of the action or the carrier of the attribute called the predicate.

  • The Queen gave Snow White a poisoned apple.
  • Snow White was the most beautiful princess in the world.

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The subject names the object on which the action is performed (the meaning of the passive voice).

  • The dwarf house was cleaned by Snow White in just three hours.

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1. noun:

  • The queen has long been considered one of the most beautiful women in her kingdom.

The subject can be expressed

2. pronoun:

  • She had no idea that the growing princess Snow White could become more beautiful.
  • « Who can know for sure?" - the mirror evaded the answer.

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The subject can be expressed

3. a word in the meaning of a noun:

  • The sick recovered faster if they were cared for by Snow White.
  • Those invited to the palace didn't know how to react to the queen's words.
  • This Tomorrow seemed to the queen the main day of her life.
  • This was the most terrible sorcery of all that the queen resorted to.

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Distinguish!

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The subject can be expressed

4. the pronoun which in the attributive clause:

  • The apple that was given to Snow White turned out to be poisoned.

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Distinguish!

"Which" is the subject in Im. n. You can substitute the word to which it refers.

  • The main difference between the little mermaid will be a long tail instead of legs, which does not allow walking on the ground, but helps to swim quickly.

Minor member in oblique cases (often with prepositions):

  • Deep under water is a palace in which the sea king himself and his daughters live.

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The subject can be expressed

5. cardinal number:

« Eight is more than five, ”concluded the smart Dobryak.

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The subject can be expressed

6. Infinitive:

  • « Washing is just a waste of time!” - said the gnomes.

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The subject can be expressed

7. phrase or phraseological unit:

  • All seven gnomes engaged in the extraction of precious stones.
  • About three hundred princes Wooed Snow White's hand.
  • He has golden hands.

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Attention!

Check subject-verb agreement.

  • Tikhonya with Grumpy one hundred whether close friends of Snow White.
  • The king on important matters of state with the queen never no advice als .

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Distinguish the subject from the direct object.

Addition:

  • The ships were built in the last century.
  • The houses, located on the edge of the edge, were painted in all the colors of the rainbow.

Subject:

  • The ships were built in the last century.
  • The houses were painted in all the colors of the rainbow.

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  • 1. One of the saddest stories Andersen is "The Little Match Girl".

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 2. Most children Andersen's fairy tales are read in our country from early childhood.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 3. Mashenka received as a birthday present a beautiful thick book in which many fairy tales Andersen.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 4. Reading fairy tales and pretending to be a princess is the favorite pastime of little girls.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 5. Copenhagen Little Mermaid- this is the only monument in the world that is dedicated to the heroine of the fairy tale.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 6. It's nice that so many children in the world still love fairy tales.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 7. About three hundred distinguished guests attended the opening of Andersen's monument.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 8. A man who loved children so much simply could not write bad fairy tales.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 9. picture book famous artists was the most pleasant gift.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 10. Snow White with the Seven Dwarfs became the most popular cartoon characters in America.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 11. The reader always enjoys not only the content, but also the appearance of the book.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 12. "How good it is to be able to read!" - say all the kids after they read their first book in their lives.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 13. Anyone who, while reading fairy tales, can imagine himself as a child, will never grow old.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 14. something mysterious happens to tourists at the sight of the house, which became the birthplace for all of Andersen's most famous fairy tales.

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Highlight the subjects in the sentences.

  • 15. From 300,000 to a million editions Andersen's fairy tales are published annually by various world publishing houses.

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PREDICATE

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The predicate is the main member of the sentence. Answers the questions what does the subject do? what is the subject? what is he?

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The predicate denotes the action or attribute of the object named by the subject.

  • The Queen wanted to kill Snow White.
  • poisoned apple was the most beautiful.

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Predicate types:

  • - simple verb
  • - compound verb
  • - compound nominal

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A simple verbal predicate is expressed by the forms of the verb in some mood.

  • Gnomes work from morning to evening.
  • Birds will sing about spring and happiness.
  • Let Grumpy wash all the dishes.
  • Snow White would go back to the dwarfs' house.

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A simple verbal predicate is expressed by a phraseological phrase.

  • The grumbler went berserk. He beats the bucket all day long.

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Compound verb predicate = Auxiliary + Infinitive

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An auxiliary verb is expressed by verbs that cannot be used in a sentence on their own.

  • On the same day, the queen began to prepare a new witchcraft potion.
  • The queen thought to solve all her problems only with the help of witchcraft.
  • The Queen is used to talking to her mirror before going to bed.

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Compound verb predicate:

An auxiliary element is expressed by short adjectives that do not have a full form (glad, ready, obligated, must, intend, able).

  • The queen was willing to wait a week for the poison to fully absorb into the apple.
  • “We are happy to help the princess!” - answered the gnomes.

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Remember!

Glad , ready , must , should , intends , able ...

Not verbs, but short adjectives!

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Distinguish!

The infinitive is part of the predicate:

  • The king did not like to argue with his new wife.
  • The prince could not forget Snow White.

Infinitive - object or circumstance:

  • Snow White advised the dwarves to wash their faces more often.
  • smart ass left to study.

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Compound nominal predicate = linking verb + Nominal part

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Compound nominal predicate:

The linking verb is expressed by the verb to be , eat (absent in present tense!)

  • Snow White was an ordinary girl.
  • "She is will be beautiful! - told her father around.
  • She is a beauty.

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Distinguish!

linking verb to be not used in the present tense (only in a compound nominal predicate).

  • The day was sunny.
  • Sunny day.

Verb to be in meaning to be, to be, to visit, to exist(only in a simple verb predicate).

  • The little mermaid had a voice.
  • This were sea treasures.

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Compound nominal predicate:

The linking verb is expressed by semi-significant verbs (show up, seem, become and etc.).

  • Queen seemed like a witch.

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Compound nominal predicate:

The linking verb is expressed by verbs, the meaning of which in the predicate is weakened.

  • The gnomes returned home tired.(Compare: They returned home around midnight.)
  • The king's first wife had been ill for a month.(Compare: She lay in bed.)
  • The princess was born happy.(Compare: The princess was born around Christmas.)

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Compound nominal predicate:

The nominal part is expressed by the noun in Im. or TV. cases.

  • The queen looked like a witch.(noun in tv.p.)
  • In fact, the queen was a real witch.(noun in tv.p.)
  • Snow White is such a sweetheart!

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Compound nominal predicate:

The nominal part is expressed by the name of the adjective, numeral, pronoun, participle.

  • The road from the forest edge to the dwarfs' house was long.
  • Tikhonya has always been the seventh.
  • "This house is ours!" - said the Grump.

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Compound nominal predicate:

The nominal part is expressed by a short adjective or a short participle!

  • Grumpy's suggestion that Snow White be kicked out of the house was stupid and inexplicable.(Kr. append.)
  • Ariel and her sisters are very friendly.(Kr. append.)
  • The apple was poisoned.(Kr. participle.)

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Compound nominal predicate:

The nominal part is expressed by the adjective in a comparative degree!

  • The desire to have legs turned out to be stronger.
  • This forest was the most dangerous in the kingdom.
  • The good-natured man was the least contentious in the dwarf squad.

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Name the predicate.

  • 1. Many people in Denmark would like to take part in Andersen's anniversary celebrations.

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Name the predicate.

  • 2. The publisher offered him to translate the fairy tale "The Little Mermaid" into the language of the Mumbo Yumbo tribe in order to familiarize the latter with European culture.

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Name the predicate.

  • 3. Tourists come to this area of ​​Copenhagen take a picture against the backdrop of the Little Mermaid.

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Name the predicate.

  • 4. “I’m going to read the next chapter from The Snow Queen to Vanechka at night,” the hostess apologized to the guests.

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Name the predicate.

  • 5. The artist was supposed to make illustrations for The Snow Queen by Saturday, but he was not able come up with new solutions.

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Name the predicate.

  • 6. I I love books that have a lot of pictures.

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Name the predicate.

  • 7. Inhabitants of Denmark allowed to come to celebrate the anniversary of the great storyteller, even to representatives of those countries that did not have diplomatic relations with the kingdom.

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Name the predicate.

  • 8. "You let me show You an expensive gift edition of fairy tales, which is a must must like Your children? - came to the rescue salesman.

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Name the predicate.

  • 9. Humanity for a long time will puzzle over why writing fairy tales for Andersen meant to create philosophical works, not stories for children.

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Name the predicate.

  • 10. Andersen wanted fame and recognition in the world, but not as a children's writer.

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  • Technology has made every state as a whole and humanity as a whole powerful.(Technology has made powerful.)

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Write down the grammatical basis of the first part of the complex sentence.

  • And they also say that he took not only living money for a stay, but did not disdain either oats or a pectoral cross.(They say.)

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Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence.

  • And there were not even individual signs of the coming scientific and technological revolution, or at least an information boom, on the horizon.(Did not have.)

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Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence.

  • This "device" can be called the voice of God within us.(You can name.)

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Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence.

  • His selflessness was unparalleled.(The selflessness was unparalleled.)

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Write down the grammatical basis of the sentence.

  • No one else has such big black eyes.(No.)

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TASK A 9

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Question options:

  1. What words are the grammatical basis in a sentence or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?
  2. Which combination is not the grammatical basis of the given sentence?
  3. Which of the words is the subject (predicate) of one of the sentences?

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Which word(s) is/are not a predicate in one of the sentences of the text?

(2) The body temperature of these "ships of the desert" can rise up to forty degrees quite painlessly. (3) Only then does the camel begin to sweat. (4) But his water is not excreted from the blood, as in other animals, but from the cells and intercellular space. (6) The camel has another protective device - thick and dense fur, which protects it from overheating and prevents moisture from evaporating from the surface of the skin.

  1. maybe (sentence 2)
  2. starts to sweat (sentence 3)
  3. stands out (sentence 4)
  4. yes (sentence 6)

Answer: (1).

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What words are the grammatical basis in one of the parts of the fifth sentence?

(5) It turned out that if you stretch the skin over a hollow wooden or clay object, the sound will become more booming and stronger.

  1. the sound becomes loud
  2. the sound will become
  3. the sound will become louder and stronger
  4. the sound will be loud and strong

Answer: (3).

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Algorithm:

  1. Eliminate answer options with sentence members that have the meaning of time, place, conditions.
  2. Was and seemed most often they are part of a compound nominal predicate (look next to Tv. p.).
  3. Simple form of the comparative degree of the adjective, short adjectives and participles - always predicated!
  4. Remember about one-part sentences and homogeneous members!

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What words are the grammatical basis in one of the parts of the second sentence of the text?

(2) According to researchers, modern Ararat is not the place that is mentioned in the Bible.

  1. modern Ararat
  2. which is mentioned
  3. mentioned in the bible
  4. Ararat is mentioned

Answer: (2).

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What words are the grammatical basis in the eighth sentence of the text?

(8) But no one called the great Armenian mountain Masis with this word.

  1. Masis did not name
  2. did not name the mountain
  3. nobody called
  4. no one called it

Answer: (3).

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What is the subject word in the ninth sentence?

(9) It received the name "Ararat" no earlier than the XII-XIII centuries, at the same time it began to be associated with the biblical Flood and Noah's ark.

  1. "Ararat"

Answer: (3).

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Which sentence has a compound verb predicate?

(1) Each literary text represents this or that information, which always pursues certain practical goals. (3) The strength of this influence depends on the degree of artistry of the work, its figurative and expressive texture. (4) It can excite us, take, as they say, by the soul and leave us indifferent, do not touch, like or dislike, be in spirit our own and close or alien and distant. (5) And all this is only on condition that we understand it.

  1. offer 1
  2. sentence 3
  3. sentence 4
  4. sentence 5

Answer: (3).

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What words are the grammatical basis in sentence 5?

(5) ...the final answer to these questions has not yet been received.

  1. no response received
  2. questions not answered
  3. not received
  4. never received

Answer: (3).

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What words are the grammatical basis in sentence 6?

(6) These slow changes change the parameters of the Earth's orbit itself and affect the planet's climate.

  1. changes change and render
  2. changes change
  3. changes change and affect
  4. these changes change and have

Answer: (1).

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What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of the complex sentence of the text?

(2) In 1894, he assembled a radio receiver that responded to electromagnetic waves produced by lightning discharges (the so-called lightning detector). (4) In January 1900, Popov's radio station was used to rescue the battleship General-Admiral Apraksin, which had landed on rocks. (5) The icebreaker "Ermak", which participated in the removal of the battleship from the stones, was sent a radio message stating that on January 24 an ice floe with fishermen was torn off the coast, and the icebreaker removed the fishermen from the ice floe.

  1. radiogram sent (sentence 5)
  2. assembled a radio receiver (sentence 2)
  3. tore off an ice floe (sentence 5)
  4. the radio station was used (sentence 4)

Answer: (4).

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What words are the grammatical basis in the second (2) sentence of the text?

(2) All other information (sounds, images) for processing on a computer must be converted into numerical form.

  1. processing information
  2. information should
  3. information needs to be converted
  4. information converted

Answer: (3).

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CHECK YOURSELF

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1. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences of the text?

(2) However, not all of these passages should be included in the abstract. (3) They should be selected according to the topic of the abstract and grouped around several large subtopics that develop it. (5) Semantic folding, or compression, is understood as an operation that leads to a reduction in the text without losing important, relevant information. (6) ... compression, which provides for the exclusion of redundant, secondary information from the text, is one of the leading methods when writing an abstract.

  1. understood (sentence 5)
  2. fragments must go in (sentence 2)
  3. they should be selected (and) grouped (sentence 3)
  4. the exception is (sentence 6)

Answer: (2).

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2. Which words ARE NOT a grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) In 332 - 331 years. BC e. Alexander the Great founded Alexandria, the capital of Hellenistic Egypt. (2) Here is the famous Musseion of Alexandria, one of the main scientific and cultural centers of the ancient world, and with it the no less famous Library of Alexandria, in which there were almost 700 thousand volumes of Greek and Oriental books. (4) Many remarkable buildings were erected in Alexandria. (5) The lighthouse of Alexandria on the rocky island of Foros, near the Nile Delta, also belongs to them.

  1. Alexander the Great founded (proposition 1)
  2. Alexandria Musseion one of the main centers (proposal 2)
  3. was erected (sentence 4)
  4. belongs to the lighthouse of Alexandria (proposal 5)

Answer: (3).

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3. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) The legend of Atlantis, a mysterious state that was swallowed up by the sea, may turn out to be more than just a myth. (3) The ancient Minoans were skilled architects, shipbuilders, their achievements left their mark on the culture and life of many ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean, including the Egyptian one. (4) Experienced shipbuilders, they traded with many Mediterranean cities, and it is no coincidence that they are called "people from the sea" in Egyptian papyri. (6) Now scientists have found new evidence that the cause of the death of the Minoan culture was the raging water element.

  1. which absorbed (sentence 1)
  2. called (sentence 4)
  3. the element has become (sentence 6)
  4. the Minoans were skilled architects, shipbuilders (sentence 3)

Answer: (2).

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4. Which words ARE NOT a grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(2) The death of the highly organized Cretan civilization almost 3.5 thousand years ago remained a mystery for a long time. (4) Experienced shipbuilders, they traded with many Mediterranean cities, and it is no coincidence that they are called "people from the sea" in Egyptian papyri. (7) Minoan building material and earthenware mixed with rounded pebbles, as well as shells and other representatives of microscopic marine fauna, were found on the coast of Crete. (8) Scientists are sure that only a tsunami could create such a mixture.

  1. found material and utensils (sentence 7)
  2. could have created a tsunami (sentence 8)
  3. death remained a mystery (sentence 2)
  4. they traded (sentence 4)

Answer: (1).

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5. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(2) His flight was accompanied by sound and light effects and ended with a powerful explosion equal in strength to two thousand explosions of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima. (4) Pundits all over the world have been puzzling over the phenomenon of the Tunguska meteorite for a long time. (5) But it is still impossible to unequivocally say what happened in the Siberian taiga almost a hundred years ago. (6) Krasnoyarsk researchers published another version of the clue.

  1. the flight was accompanied (sentence 2)
  2. men break (sentence 4)
  3. can't say (sentence 5)
  4. version made public (sentence 6)

Answer: (3).

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6. What words are the grammatical basis in the second (2) sentence of the text?

(2) His flight was accompanied by sound and light effects and ended with a powerful explosion equal in strength to two thousand explosions of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima.

  1. the flight was accompanied
  2. flight ended
  3. the flight was escorted and ended
  4. the flight was accompanied by effects and ended with an explosion

Answer: (3).

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7. What words ARE NOT a grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) On June 30, 1908, at about 7 o'clock in the morning, a giant bolide flew over the territory of Central Siberia between the Lower Tunguska and Lena rivers. (3) The blast knocked down trees within a radius of 80 km from the Evenk village of Vanavara. (4) Pundits all over the world have been puzzling over the phenomenon of the Tunguska meteorite for a long time. (9) The earth for the comet, which shattered into many pieces of ice, became a kind of hot frying pan.

  1. pundits break their heads (sentence 4)
  2. the earth for the comet has become a kind of hot frying pan (sentence 9)
  3. flying ball-bolide (sentence 1)
  4. trees were felled (sentence 3)

Answer: (2).

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8. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) The snow leopard has another common name - the irbis. (3) Back in the 17th century, Russian merchants, fur traders, adopted this name from local Asian hunters, many of whom spoke the Turkic dialect. (4) This word was pronounced by them as "irbiz", which meant "snow cat". (6) The pattern on the head, the manner of holding the tail when the animal is calm, and a number of other anatomical features are related to the big cats of the leopard.

  1. leopard has (sentence 1)
  2. adopted the name (sentence 3)
  3. what did it mean (sentence 4)
  4. manner of holding (sentence 6)

Answer: (3).

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9. Which words ARE NOT a grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(4) This word was pronounced by them as "irbiz", which meant "snow cat". (7) But the leopard, like other small cats, can purr; the posture that an animal adopts when eating. (8) Given this similarity to both cats, leopards are sometimes referred to as "medium cats." (9) But in terms of their dimensions, they are in no way inferior to a leopard, a typical representative of the “big ones”.

  1. called (sentence 8)
  2. animal accepts (sentence 7)
  3. it was pronounced (sentence 4)
  4. they do not yield (sentence 9)

Answer: (3).

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10. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) Madagascar separated from Africa 120,000,000 years ago and has followed its own evolutionary path ever since. (2) As a result, animals and plants that you will not find anywhere else in the world successfully survive and thrive on this island - the fourth largest in the world. (3) For example, lemurs, which have long since disappeared from Europe and North America.

  1. Madagascar seceded (proposition 1)
  2. animals survived (sentence 2)
  3. lemurs are gone (sentence 3)
  4. who disappeared (sentence 3)

Answer: (4).

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Check answers: 1 - 2; 2 - 3; 3 - 2; 4 - 1; 5 - 3; 6 - 3; 7 - 2; 8 - 3; 9 - 3; 10 - 4.

In the morphological, punctuation analysis of a sentence, it is important to correctly determine its grammatical basis. The ability to quickly highlight the subject, predicate will help you correctly punctuate, as well as understand the meaning of the sentence. It is the grammatical basis that is the semantic center of the sentence - its predicative core. It’s great if a person has already learned to quickly highlight the grammatical basis. However, it may often seem that defining a predicative kernel is very simple. In fact, a slight complication of the task immediately baffles.

The whole point here is that in the modern Russian language there are very rich resources, various syntactic connections. The subject and predicate are not necessarily expressed by the noun and the verb. Of course, in the sentence "The tree stands under the window" many will easily find a grammatical basis. We see here a noun: it clearly represents the main member of the sentence. It's about the tree. You can easily ask from this subject the question “what is he doing?”, thus finding the predicate. “The tree is standing” - this is our grammatical basis. But not all proposals are built so simply. It is important for you to remember what parts of speech the subject, predicate can be expressed, by what algorithm you need to look for the grammatical basis. You need to know how to find the grammatical basis of a sentence, remember all the nuances, so that later you can accurately analyze the texts, correctly place punctuation marks.

The grammatical basis of the sentence: important points
Remember a few important points to learn how to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence. Be sure to write down all essential information. The best option is to present the information in tables. Let you always have tables on thick sheets of paper or cardboard at hand. So you will remember everything faster, and then you will no longer look at your cards.

Here are some simple rules to help you.

  • Full analysis of the proposal in parts. Determine the grammatical basis carefully, try to find the most suitable option first, and then exclude all other probable ones. The easiest way to quickly analyze a sentence is to underline all members and ask appropriate questions, defining syntactic links. In difficult cases, only this way is the most reliable. This will not take much time, but you will be sure that you have definitely found the predicative kernel.
  • Pencil, pen, draft. Actively use drafts, pencils and pens. Make all the necessary notes, inscribe parts of speech directly above the words, underline all members of the sentence with familiar lines, dotted lines. It is on the draft that you can calmly parse the sentence, delve into its lexical and grammatical meaning.
  • Without haste. In no case do not try to do everything as quickly as possible! You're bound to make mistakes, because parsing needs to treat every case with redoubled attention. You can successfully find grammatical foundations in a few sentences and then start making mistakes. You can not try to determine the subject and predicate at random.
  • Members of a sentence and parts of speech. Forget about the direct relationship of the relation of a word to parts of speech and its role in a sentence! If you have a noun in front of you, you should not immediately assume that it is the subject. Predicates are also far from always expressed by verbs.
  • Such a complex predicate. Often more problems arise in determining the predicate. You will need to memorize all types of predicates in order to find grammatical bases accurately. When you do not just define the predicate, but precisely name its type, you will be able to say with confidence: this member of the sentence was found correctly.
  • Unexpected subjects. Pay close attention to the definition of the subject. It can even be expressed as a union! Check out the examples to get rid of stereotypes, to have a broader understanding of the grammatical foundations in Russian.
The best way to learn how to determine the grammatical foundations of sentences correctly is to familiarize yourself with examples and remember the types of predicates. The algorithm for determining the grammatical basis will also come in handy for you, it is quite simple.

We determine the grammatical basis according to the algorithm
Remember the simple rules. Follow the sequence of actions to correctly find the subject and predicate in the sentence.

  1. Work in draft first. You are looking for grammar. It includes the subject and the predicate. Better start with the subject.
  2. Read the offer carefully. Think about its meaning. Immediately think: what word can be the subject? What does the offer say? Which member of the construction can answer the questions “who?”, “What?”, be the bearer of the action or the person being defined? For example: "Dad was going home." You immediately see the subject "dad", which is the carrier of the action. Dad is coming - that's what the sentence says.
  3. When you have already determined the subject, you should move on to the predicate. From the subject to the predicate, you can ask a conditional question, although it is traditionally believed that in the grammatical basis the parts are equal. However, you will quickly be able to determine the connection: dad (what did he do?) Walked. The grammatical basis is defined.
  4. Remember that sentences can be one-part. Not all grammatical foundations consist of a subject and a predicate. Consider examples.
    • Nominative sentence with subject. Cold winter.
    • Definitely a personal suggestion. There is only the predicate. Come tomorrow.
    • Impersonal, there is a predicate. evening.
    • Generalized personal. The grammatical basis consists of the predicate. us so taught.
    • Indefinitely personal, there is no subject in the grammatical basis. you there meet.
  5. If you come across a sentence that is difficult to understand, it is too long, it has many members, it is most convenient to parse it entirely. Even if it seemed to you that you had already found the grammatical basis, try to determine the role of other members of the sentence. It is likely that you missed something, did not pay attention to some words, their meanings in the sentence.
  6. Be sure to check yourself again when you have completed the work. Analyze the meaning of the sentence, the syntactic roles of all its members. Make sure that your grammatical basis is really a predicative core, carries the main lexical and grammatical meaning.
  7. You can transfer everything to a cleaner.
Work as carefully as possible. Determine the grammatical basis precisely by its syntactic role in the sentence, do not be distracted by what parts of speech the words are.

Various grammatical bases, subject and predicate. A few nuances
To better navigate the features of grammatical foundations, check out some examples. So, it is interesting to consider what parts of speech subjects can be expressed in.

  • Noun. Summer came unexpectedly.
  • Personal pronoun. She is returned home.
  • Interrogative pronoun. What occurred?
  • Numerals. Eight less than ten.
  • Adjective. Violet- my favorite color.
  • Union. And- connecting union.
  • A noun in the nominative case and a noun in the instrumental case. Mother with daughter went to the theatre.
Be sure to remember the types of predicates in order to correctly determine the grammatical foundations, not to leave its parts unmarked. For example, some words can simply be skipped. With a complete analysis of the sentence, you will immediately see that they are left without their syntactic role.

Predicates can be simple verbs (PGS), compound verbs (CGS) and compound nominals (CIS).

  • PGS. In this case, the predicate is expressed in the personal form of the verb. She is meditates. Nicholas walks. Winter starts. Remember: PGS is sometimes expressed by a phraseological unit with a conjugated verb form. It can be replaced by a verb with a direct meaning. Kostya beats the buckets (is idle).
  • GHS. The predicate consists of at least two words, it has the infinitive of the verb and the link. Words usually act as links: knows how, loves, wants, maybe, continued, finished, started. I AM I want to sing. Misha stopped practicing. Tanya likes to listen music.
  • SIS. Such a predicate consists of a verb copula and a nominal part. In the role of the nominal part are adverbs, participles, nominal parts of speech. A copula is a verb to be in a personal form. Note! The verb can be omitted, but the predicate is in front of you. Try setting it up yourself. Summer will be hot. Day overcast. Task fast solved.
Analyze the proposal carefully, be careful and remember all the important points. Then you will find the grammatical basis correctly.

You may have already verified that even the easiest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to put as it seems at once, because it is necessary think about the meaning of the sentence and the text. And it's even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, then, in accordance with the rules, place punctuation marks. Don't be scared! We will deal with even the most complex cases, help you understand them and turn them into simple ones!

Let's start with perhaps main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What is a simple sentence? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject and predicate. Around the grammatical base are minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-isolated; included in the predicate group and in the subject group.

The grammatical basis is therefore the basis because the whole offer rests on it. If you learn how to quickly find it, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences as part of a complex one. How should one argue?

Determine how many stems are in the sentence:

Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.

Output: one base is a simple sentence; two or more bases - complex.

Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).

1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. From the window of the room, suddenly I heard “ku-ku”!
3. Your host is both sweet and hospitable.
4. Everyone strives to get in with his proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely corner.
6. Evening. Forest. Far way.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will surely win.

If you coped with this work without errors, you can be congratulated! If mistakes come across, do not be upset: they exist in order to cope with it and defeat them!

What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone could lose the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an addition was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases, parts of the sentence that have nothing to do with each other are underlined.

Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken as a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.

How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:

1) In order to find the subject, be sure to ask from the predicate double question: who? what? Then you Don't confuse subject and object.

Try to do this by defining the subject in the following sentences.

The captain saw the shore first.

The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.

If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain and flowers.

2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What is said about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"

Consider examples. Subject highlighted bold, predicate - in italics.

Schoolgirlwas beautiful.

Outside freshly and windy.

To kids couldn't sit in place.

wonderful the game– catch-up!

3) From a change in the places of the terms, the sum is changing. This means, be attentive to some sentences when determining the grammatical basis.

Green City(one-part nominative sentence).

city ​​green(two-part sentence).

You have already seen what happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. When working with such offers, be careful! It is in them often the object is disguised as a subject in meaning. Then back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.

Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.

to me cold but.

To him not sleeping.

to me I want to smileutsya.

Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer might be - me, he. Then one more question: where are the words I and HE in these sentences? They are not, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an addition. If you ask a question: who? what?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is this: one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.

We hope that you will now have fewer problems when determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!

Good luck in learning Russian!

Answers to the task.

Subject highlighted bold, predicate - in italics.

1. AllIt's clear.
2. I heard"coo-coo"!
3. Mastermil, hospitable.
4. Each tries to fit in.
5. Villagewas lovely corner; wewere playing.
6. Evening. Forest. Further path.
7. decoratesa park. 8. Aspiringwill win.

Do you have any questions? Don't know how to find the grammatical basis?
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    AT two-part sentences the grammatical basis of the sentence are subject and predicate.

    AT one-part sentences there is only one main component - it will be the grammatical basis ( nominal suggestions ( with the subject), a **definitely personal, indefinitely personal , **generalized-personal and impersonal (with a predicate).

    First of all, you need to find subject in a sentence. The subject indicates who or what the speech is about. The subject answers the question who? or what?. It should be remembered that the subject can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (pronoun, adjective, participle, numeral) indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) ...)

    Next, you need to define predicate. The predicate answers the questions of the verbs and denotes the action performed by the subject. In its composition, the predicate can be simple and compound (nominal and verbal) and complex.

    In order to correctly determine the grammatical basis of a sentence, you need to carefully read it and determine whether it is a simple sentence or a complex one, which can consist of two or more simple sentences. If the offer simple, then he will have one grammatical basis. If it complicated, then some.

    First determine if you have a simple or complex sentence in front of you. A simple sentence is one-part, and a complex one is two-part. Next, we determine the subjects in the first sentence (with the variant of complex sentences) using the questions who ?, What ?, then we select the predicate with the help of questions what did you do? what did you do?, what is it?. After that, we do the same procedure in the next sentence.

    In a simple sentence, we single out the subject and the predicate only once.

    See the picture below for more details -

    An example from the head - The dog ate the meat that the owner bought. Subjects in the first sentence - Dog, predicate - ate; the subjects in the second sentence are the hostess, the predicate bought.

    First of all, you need to understand what a grammatical basis is. The grammatical basis of a sentence is its core and determines the main meaning of the sentence.

    The grammatical basis of the sentence is made up of the main members of the sentence: the subject and the predicate.

    Let's try to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence using a simple example:

    I answer this question.

    In this sentence, I am the subject, and I answer the predicate.

    The grammatical basis of this sentence is the phrase I answer.

    I look since my graduation from school, nothing has changed in this matter. This makes me happy. The subject and the predicate serve as the basis of the sentence. The most common case is that the sentence has both a subject and a predicate. The predicate is a verb and the subject is a noun or pronoun. For example: I did my homework. The predicate did, the subject of the pronoun I. On often there are also such sentences: Woke up. Did the lessons. As we can see, they have no subject. It happens that there is no predicate, for example: Morning. To begin with, we determine whether there is a subject and a predicate in our sentence, then we determine what parts of speech they are, from them it builds a connection to the rest of the words.

    Finding the grammatical basis in a sentence is not difficult if you know what it is.

    Subject + predicate. how many such combinations you find, so many basics will be in the sentence. There must be either one subject or one predicate.

    The grammatical basis of a sentence is its important structural part. And this part essentially determines the important and whole meaning of this phrase.

    And it is in linguistics that such a grammatical basis is called a predicative core. And such grammatical phenomena exist in many world languages.

    here are the simplest rules to help you learn how to highlight such a basis:

    And here are a few examples of how and what parts of speech subjects can express.

    It is always necessary to analyze a sentence in order to understand its essence and semantic load. And then it will be easy to determine its grammatical basis.

    The grammatical basis is the main part of the sentence and in almost every sentence, this basis consists of two main members of the sentence. The grammatical basis of a sentence is sometimes called the predicative core or predicative stem.

    The main members of the sentence include the predicate and the subject, in some cases, there can be only one main member in the sentence.

    In order to highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, it is necessary to highlight the predicate and the subject of this sentence.

    Everything here is just like in English. There is a subject in the sentence (answers the question who and what), then a predicate (what did, what did), Definition (for what, for whom), and addition (this is the rest). This is how you can parse the offer

    Grammatical basis offers in two-part sentences consists of subject and predicate. The video below is an explanation of the topic for those who come across these concepts for the first time - for fifth graders.

    It's simple, but then things get complicated, because the subject is often associated with a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case, and the predicate with a verb, so any deviation from this simplified representation is bewildering.

    Subject calls something or something that is being discussed in the sentence, and it can be expressed both in separate words and in whole phrases, see the table below:

    Here important to pay attention to what's in the design

    numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun

    predicate agrees with the words many, part, majority, minority, and not with the noun following it, therefore it must be in singular! You can read about all the complex or confusing cases of this kind here.

    Predicate Definition also causes a number of difficulties. Why would one verb be simpler - a simple verbal predicate, but no, in the form of the future tense, the predicate consists of two words, but at the same time remains simple! Following the simple algorithm given below, you can determine the predicate correctly:

    The videos below illustrate the types of the predicate and how to correctly determine it:

    As well as This Video(you need to follow the link because the video is not inserted into the text of the answer).

    AT incomplete sentences the grammatical stem loses the subject or predicate because it is implied but not pronounced. Incomplete offers should always be considered in the context, because it is on it that the grammatical basis is restored.

    It is understood that it is Dimka who is walking, the meaning is restored according to the previous sentence. An explanation of the features of incomplete sentences and a simple but interesting test for mastering the material can be found here.

    From incomplete sentences to be distinguished one-component. In them, the grammatical basis is initially expressed either subject(named sentence), or predicate(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal, infinitive sentence). One-part sentences can often be logically changed into two-part sentences, for example:

    You were given a book

    • this is an indefinitely personal sentence that can be transformed into Someone handed you a book, but at the same time the subject is invented, and not restored from the context (instead of someone, another word can stand), and the predicate at the same time changes the grammatical form (from the plural into the only one).

    You can learn more about single-part offers here.

    The grammatical basis of a sentence or the predicative core consists of a subject and a predicate (in two-part sentences) or one of them (in one-part sentences).

    Accordingly, in order to highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence, it is necessary to find the subject (answers the question What? / Who? and denotes what or who is being discussed) and the predicate associated with it (usually a verb denoting the action of the subject or its characteristics).

As part of the grammatical basis, there are subject and predicate. If the sentence consists of one main member, then it is only a subject or a predicate. There are no proposals without a basis (with the exception of incomplete ones)!

Stage number 1. We find the subject. WHO questions? or WHAT?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, grammatically independent.

In a typical sentence, this is the subject (in the broad sense) that the sentence is talking about. This word is in the nominative case. Most often, this is a noun or pronoun that answers the questions: Who? or What?

Examples:

  • Wolf came out of the forest (What or what is the sentence talking about? About the wolf, that is, we raise the question: Who? Wolf. Noun).
  • shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere in the thicket of sedge (Who? Dog. Noun).
  • I AM smiled and walked forward. (Who? I. Pronoun).

There are some cases when the subject is expressed in other ways (not a noun and not a pronoun):

Other ways of expressing the subject

Examples

Numeral noun (quantitative and collective) as a noun

Three came out of the forest.

adjective as a noun

well-fed not a friend to the hungry.

Participle as a noun

Vacationers having fun.

Will master the road going.

Tomorrow will surely come.

Interjection

far away Hooray.

phrase

We are with friends left earlier.

A lot of schoolchildren participated in the competition.

Infinitive

compose- my passion.

Stage number 2. We find the predicate. Questions: WHAT IS IT DOING? (and etc.)

What are the predicates?

The predicate is connected with the subject and answers the question that is asked to it from the subject: What does the subject do?

But with the appropriate expression of the subject (see the table above), these can be other questions: What is the subject?, What is the subject), etc.

Examples:

  • Wolf left the forest (We ask a question from the protagonist, from the subject: what did the wolf do? Came out - this is a predicate expressed by a verb).
  • shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere in the thickets of sedge (What did the dog do? Jumped out).
  • I AM smiled and walked forward. (What I did - smiled and went).

There are three types of predicates in Russian:

  • Simple verb (one verb). Example: The wolf is out.
  • Compound verb (auxiliary verb + infinitive). Example: I am hungry. I have to go to Suzdal (essentially two verbs in the predicate).
  • Compound nominal (verb-link + nominal part). Example: I will be a teacher (essentially a verb and another part of speech in the predicate).

see also:

  • Materials on the topic: and "".

Difficult cases in determining predicates

Situation 1. Often problems with the definition of the predicate arise in a situation where a simple verbal predicate is expressed in more than one word. Example: Today you will not have lunch alone (= you will have lunch).

In this sentence, the predicate you will have lunch is a simple verb, it is expressed in two words for the reason that it is a compound form of the future tense.

Situation 2. I got into difficulty doing this work (= found it difficult). The predicate is expressed by a phraseological unit.

Situation 3. Another difficult case is sentences in which the compound predicate is represented by the form of a short participle. Example: Doors are always open.

An error in determining the type of predicate may be due to an incorrect definition of the part of speech (should be distinguished from the verb short participle). In fact, in this sentence, the predicate is a compound nominal, and not a simple verb, as it might seem.

Why compound, if expressed in one word? Because in the present tense, the verb has a zero link. If you put the predicate in the form of the past or future tense, then it will appear. Compare. doors always will open. doors always were open.

Situation 4. A similar error can also occur in the case of expressing the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate with a noun or adverb.

Example. Our hut is the second from the edge. (Compare: Our hut was the second from the edge).

Dasha is married to Sasha (Compare: Dasha was married to Sasha).

Remember that words are part of the compound predicate can, must, can't.

Determining the stem in one-part sentences

In denominative sentences, the stem will be presented by the subject.

Example: Winter morning.

In indefinite personal sentences there is only a predicate. The subject is not expressed, but it is clear.

Example: I love the storm in early May.

The most difficult case of expressing the stem in impersonal sentences. Most often, these are just different types of compound nominal predicates.

Examples A: I need to act. The house is warm. I'm upset. There is no comfort, no peace.

If you do not form the skill of determining the basis of a sentence in the lower grades, then this will lead to difficulties in the analysis of one-part and complex sentences in grades 8-9. If you gradually develop this skill by the method of complication, then all problems will be resolved.